Original article
Compounding training programme for pharmacy technicians using a digital platform and simulation techniques
Programa de formación en elaboración de medicamentos para Técnicos de Farmacia utilizando una plataforma digital de formación y técnicas de simulación
Fátima Ros Castellar
, Margarita Ruano Encinar, Tamara Pérez Robles, Natalia García Vázquez, Gema Casado Abad, Luis Sánchez Rubio, MilusKa Yamil Rabanal Sánchez, Alicia Herrero Ambrosio
Autor para correspondencia
Fatima.ros@salud.madrid.org
Corresponding author at: Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
Corresponding author at: Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
Leído
1005
Vecesse ha leído el artículo
266
Total PDF
739
Total HTML
Compartir estadísticas
array:24 [ "pii" => "S1130634324000084" "issn" => "11306343" "doi" => "10.1016/j.farma.2024.01.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-05-01" "aid" => "401" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2023" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Farm Hosp. 2024;48:T93-T100" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130634324000047" "issn" => "11306343" "doi" => "10.1016/j.farma.2023.12.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-05-01" "aid" => "398" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Farm Hosp. 2024;48:101-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Analysis of antiretroviral therapy interruption in people living with HIV during the 2010–2021 period" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "101" "paginaFinal" => "107" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Análisis de la interrupción de la terapia antirretroviral en personas que viven con VIH durante el período 2010–2021" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1554 "Ancho" => 2008 "Tamanyo" => 166726 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cumulative proportion of pre-discontinuation ARV durability.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Enrique Contreras-Macías, Antonio Gutiérrez-Pizarraya, Juan Antonio Pineda-Vergara, Ramón Morillo-Verdugo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Enrique" "apellidos" => "Contreras-Macías" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antonio" "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez-Pizarraya" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Antonio" "apellidos" => "Pineda-Vergara" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ramón" "apellidos" => "Morillo-Verdugo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130634324000047?idApp=UINPBA00009S" "url" => "/11306343/0000004800000003/v1_202405170721/S1130634324000047/v1_202405170721/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130634323001046" "issn" => "11306343" "doi" => "10.1016/j.farma.2023.07.019" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-05-01" "aid" => "367" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Farm Hosp. 2024;48:93-100" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Programa de formación en elaboración de medicamentos para técnicos de farmacia utilizando una plataforma digital de formación y técnicas de simulación" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "93" "paginaFinal" => "100" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Training program in compounding for pharmacy technicians through a digital platform and simulation techniques" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1729 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 189924 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Figura " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Formación de técnicos auxiliares de farmacia en la elaboración de medicamentos.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Fátima Ros Castellar, Margarita Ruano Encinar, Tamara Pérez Robles, Natalia García Vázquez, Gema Casado Abad, Luis Sánchez Rubio, MilusKa Yamil Rabanal Sánchez, Alicia Herrero Ambrosio" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fátima" "apellidos" => "Ros Castellar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Margarita" "apellidos" => "Ruano Encinar" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tamara" "apellidos" => "Pérez Robles" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Natalia" "apellidos" => "García Vázquez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gema" "apellidos" => "Casado Abad" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luis" "apellidos" => "Sánchez Rubio" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "MilusKa Yamil" "apellidos" => "Rabanal Sánchez" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alicia" "apellidos" => "Herrero Ambrosio" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130634323001046?idApp=UINPBA00009S" "url" => "/11306343/0000004800000003/v1_202405170721/S1130634323001046/v1_202405170721/es/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130634323001046" "issn" => "11306343" "doi" => "10.1016/j.farma.2023.07.019" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-05-01" "aid" => "367" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Farm Hosp. 2024;48:93-100" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Programa de formación en elaboración de medicamentos para técnicos de farmacia utilizando una plataforma digital de formación y técnicas de simulación" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "93" "paginaFinal" => "100" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Training program in compounding for pharmacy technicians through a digital platform and simulation techniques" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1729 "Ancho" => 2333 "Tamanyo" => 189924 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Figura " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Formación de técnicos auxiliares de farmacia en la elaboración de medicamentos.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Fátima Ros Castellar, Margarita Ruano Encinar, Tamara Pérez Robles, Natalia García Vázquez, Gema Casado Abad, Luis Sánchez Rubio, MilusKa Yamil Rabanal Sánchez, Alicia Herrero Ambrosio" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fátima" "apellidos" => "Ros Castellar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Margarita" "apellidos" => "Ruano Encinar" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tamara" "apellidos" => "Pérez Robles" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Natalia" "apellidos" => "García Vázquez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gema" "apellidos" => "Casado Abad" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luis" "apellidos" => "Sánchez Rubio" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "MilusKa Yamil" "apellidos" => "Rabanal Sánchez" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alicia" "apellidos" => "Herrero Ambrosio" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130634323001046?idApp=UINPBA00009S" "url" => "/11306343/0000004800000003/v1_202405170721/S1130634323001046/v1_202405170721/es/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:21 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => " Compounding training programme for pharmacy technicians using a digital platform and simulation techniques" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "T93" "paginaFinal" => "T100" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Fátima Ros Castellar, Margarita Ruano Encinar, Tamara Pérez Robles, Natalia García Vázquez, Gema Casado Abad, Luis Sánchez Rubio, MilusKa Yamil Rabanal Sánchez, Alicia Herrero Ambrosio" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Fátima" "apellidos" => "Ros Castellar" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fatima.ros@salud.madrid.org" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cr0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Margarita" "apellidos" => "Ruano Encinar" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tamara" "apellidos" => "Pérez Robles" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Natalia" "apellidos" => "García Vázquez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gema" "apellidos" => "Casado Abad" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luis" "apellidos" => "Sánchez Rubio" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "MilusKa Yamil" "apellidos" => "Rabanal Sánchez" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alicia" "apellidos" => "Herrero Ambrosio" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain" "identificador" => "af0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cr0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author at: Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Programa de formación en elaboración de medicamentos para Técnicos de Farmacia utilizando una plataforma digital de formación y técnicas de simulación" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1764 "Ancho" => 2375 "Tamanyo" => 190471 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Training of pharmacy technical assistants in medication compounding. PTA, pharmacy technical assistant; MC, medication compounding.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0065">Introduction</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medication compounding is an activity rooted in the historical origins of pharmacy, evolving alongside the profession and remaining a specialised task primarily entrusted to pharmacists. This technical endeavour has a clear clinical purpose, providing significant added value to the pharmacist's role in areas demanding personalised pharmacotherapy. To conduct this function, it is essential to adapt and delegate such activities to non-pharmaceutical professionals, such as pharmacy technical assistants (PTAs), who have intermediate-level academic training. Pharmacists are responsible for providing training in pharmacotechnics to qualify PTAs as medication compounders, thereby ensuring the optimal quality, efficacy, and safety of the medications produced.</p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Until March 2020, nursing staff performed medication compounding in our hospital pharmacy service (PS). They were responsible formedication compounding, including the preparation of both sterile and non-sterile medications. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a period of change in PSs, there wasa gradual replacement of nursing and auxiliary staff with pharmacy technical staff. This transition was made in accordance with the Resolution of the Autonomous Community of Madrid, published in 2017, which mandated the incorporation of the professional category of PTA in health centres under the jurisdiction of the Madrid health service. Due to the pandemic,nurses were assigned to clinical units dedicated to the care of patients with COVID-19. To address this situation, we established a training program in medication compounding, aiming for PTAs to fully assume this activity. Hence, a schedule was established, initially involving the participation of the nursing staff. As PTAs underwent training, the nurses were assigned to the clinical units.</p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The curriculum for PTAs is regulated by Royal Decree (RD) 1689/2007, which establishes the title of Pharmacy and Parapharmacy Technician and sets out the minimum training requirements. Article 10 outlines the professional modules of basic laboratory operations (0103) and magistral preparation (0104).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The curriculum for the intermediate-level training cycle leading to the title of Pharmacy and Parapharmacy Technician is set out in Provision 13249 of the BOE (Official State Gazette) no. 192 (2009) of the Ministry of Education Order EDU/2184/2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and in DECREE 13/2009 for the Community of Madrid.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main objective of this article is to describe a training program that qualifies PTAs as medication compounders in the PS of a tertiary hospital using a digital training platform and simulation techniques. The secondary objective is to report on the level of satisfaction among the PTAs who completed the training.</p></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0070">Methods</span><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The training of PTAs in medication compounding is divided into two programs: sterile and non-sterile compounds. The design and development of each training program are detailed in the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of our PS: “Technician training in sterile compounding” and “Technician training in non-sterile compounding”. Technicians undergo initial training in sterile compounding, and upon successful completion, some of them move on to training in non-sterile medication compounding.</p><p id="p0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Accreditation for both training programmes is provided by the hospital's Nursing Continuing Education Commission. This accreditation is applicable to both PTAs and teaching pharmacists.</p><p id="p0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Theoretical training is delivered through the e-learning platform of our PS. This proprietary platform which is accessible to all staff members via personal passwords. The platform includes training videos, a library of written procedures and training materials, recorded sessions, and evaluation questionnaires. Pharmacists in each specific area contribute essential training content to the platform as a basis for conducting tasks.</p><p id="p0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Online PTA training is highly valuable as it ensures uniformdelivery of the same concepts to all new staff, eliminating interference between outgoing and incoming staff. This guarantees that each staff member receives uniform training from the pharmacist responsible for the specific area (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0075">Training programme in sterile medication compounding</span><p id="p0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This program involves compounding of cytostatics, parenteral nutrition, non-cytostatic hazardous medicinal products, and other sterile compounds, such as intravenous mixtures and ophthalmic preparations.</p><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The program consists of four training phases designed to qualify individuals as a medication compounder: an online training course integrated into the e-learning digital platform; a practical simulation workshop; supervised practice in real-life conditions; and a final assessment by the pharmacist.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="l0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phase 1 involves a two-day basic e-learning training course  at the PS library with individual computer access. During this phase, the PTAs have personalised access to the service's e-learning digital training platform, where they study the SOPs of the preparation area and watch training videos on handling sterile medications. An evaluation test is conducted on the last day to assess the knowledge acquired. The PTAs also have unrestricted access to the platform for clarifying and reinforcing their knowledge.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phase 2. The PTAs participate in a practical simulation workshop. Initially, the workshop was run by the pharmacists responsible for each area. Later, a PTA trainer role was createdto oversee workshop training under pharmacist supervision. Training is conducted in groups of no more than three individuals over four days organised by specific area.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3.</span><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phase 3. The PTAs receive individual supervised practice in real-life compounding scenarios. The initial training is conducted by nursing staff but qualified PTAs subsequently lead to training. The training focuses on foundational activities, as determined by the pharmacist in each area, and lasts for a 4-week period. The responsible pharmacist also monitors techniques and handling.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4.</span><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phase 4. A practical examination is performed by the pharmacist to assess and qualify the PTA.</p></li></ul></p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Each PTA's training is recorded on an individual training sheet (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#s0055">Annex 1</a>), which is dated and signed by each of the corresponding pharmacist. Oncethe PTA is qualified, continuous assessment is conducted on an ongoing basis, initially monthly for the first 6 months, and bimonthly thereafter. The continuous assessment data are also recorded on the individual training sheet.</p></span><span id="s0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0080">Training programme in non-sterile medication compounding</span><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This program is structured in 3 phases.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="l0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phase 1 involves an e-learning training course integrated within the digital platform. The PTAs study the online training course modules on basic PS processes, including non-sterile preparations, which are hosted on the TECNIFARMH platform<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> of the SEFH (Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy) and pharmacotechnical procedures. An evaluation test is conducted on the final day to assess the knowledge acquired. The PTAs have unrestricted access to the platform whenever they need to resolve questions.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="p0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phase 2. Supervised practice in real-life conditions over a 4-week period in the PS pharmacotechnical laboratory.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3.</span><p id="p0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Phase 3. A practical examination administered by the pharmacist to assess and qualify the PTA as a non-sterile medication compounder.</p></li></ul></p><p id="p0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Non-sterile medication compounding training does not include a simulation workshop, This isbecause the PTA trainees have already successfully qualified as a sterile medication compounders and demonstrated the necessary skills and techniques needed to progress to the next phase. However, practical training in real-life conditions includes full-time personalised supervision during each working day.</p><p id="p0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the PTA is qualified, continuous assessment is conducted on an ongoing basis. The assessment is conducted monthly for the first 6 months, and bimonthly thereafter.</p><p id="p0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Each PTA's training is recorded on an individual training sheet (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#s0060">Annex 2</a>), which is dated and signed by the corresponding pharmacist.</p><p id="p0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In April 2023, 3 years after the start of the training program, a satisfaction survey for both sterile and non-sterile medication compounders was developed and administered over the e-learning digital platform (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#s0065">Annex 3</a>).</p><p id="p0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire comprised 5 questions scored on a scale of 1–5 (1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>very dissatisfied, 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>dissatisfied, 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>satisfied, 5 = very satisfied), and Yes/No + DK/NR (Don't Know/No Response).</p></span><span id="s0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0085">Results</span><p id="p0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the implementation of the training program, six pharmacists specialising in different areas of medication compounding in the PS have been responsible for the training and continuous assessing the PTAs. In total, 21 PTAs have undergone training: 19 individuals (90.5%) obtained the qualification in sterile compounding, whereas 2 individuals (9.5%) did not meet the requirements. Of the 19 qualified PTAs, nine were selected for training in non-sterile compounding.</p><p id="p0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three years after the start of the training program, a training satisfaction survey was conducted over the e-learning platform. At that time, there were 13 PTAs in the compounding staff, with 4 of them on sick leave. The survey results of the interviewees were as follows:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="l0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="p0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The overall participation rate was 61.5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8) of the total number of fully trained PTA compounders. The participation rate was 88.9% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9) of the PTAs active at the time of the survey.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="p0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The overall level of satisfaction was good with 62.5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5) of PTAs expressing satisfaction or being very satisfied, 37.5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3) indicating a neutral opinion.No respondents expressed dissatisfaction.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="p0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The provision of the basic tools needed to fulfil tasks on the e-learning platform was awarded the highest level of satisfaction (88%) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7), followed by clear working procedures (88%) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="p0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The lowest rating was achieved on usefulness of the videos; nevertheless, satisfaction was good (75%) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="li0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="p0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All respondents (100%; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8) consulted the e-learning platform before starting work, and 37.5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3) also consulted it during their work period. The PTAs who consulted the e-learning platform both before work and during the working period reported higher satisfaction (100%), in contrast to the PTAs who only consulted it before starting work (neutral rating: 66%).</p><p id="p0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Fig. 2</a> shows the overall results of the survey.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0010"></elsevierMultimedia></li></ul></p></span><span id="s0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0090">Discussion</span><p id="p0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This article describes a 3-year training programme for PTAs in medication compounding at a tertiary-level hospital in the Community of Madrid. The programme was implemented in 2020 and has continuedto the present day. Initially, this project was a challenge requiring a very rapid response within a narrow time-window, due to the urgent circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic at that time.</p><p id="p0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The program was implemented in May 2020, and by October of the same year, integrated into the service's digital e-learning platform. Currently, our PS has 57 PTAs, with 13 individuals (23%) being members of the medication compounding group.</p><p id="p0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Training the PTAs presented a challenge to the PS, as it was, and still is essential to train all new technicians joining the service. The digital e-learning platform is a very helpful tool, particularly given the high turnover of technical staff. This online platform ensures consistent training for all new technical staff, avoiding interference between outgoing and incoming staff.It guarantees that all newcomers receive consistent training supervision by the pharmacist responsible for the specific area. The platform provides added value by allowing free access at any time to any PTA who wishes to consult the information contained on the platform.</p><p id="p0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The successful completion of this project is due to the additional effort and involvement of both the nursing staff and the pharmacists responsible for pharmacotechnics. The main challenge of the project, both at the beginning and currently, is the limited or lack of training in medication compounding among PTAs joining the service.</p><p id="p0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A further significant challenge arises from frequent staff turnover between other hospitals within the same Autonomous Community and those in other Autonomous Communities. Currently, only 68% of the originally trained staff remain on our team, Therefore, a great deal of effort and time has been invested in training PTAs who did not remain in our PS.</p><p id="p0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pending issues include the need for a project manager responsible for the platform by updating essential videos, incorporating new procedures, managing potential changes, and other platform-related tasks.</p><p id="p0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This platform also certifies that PTAs have undergone initial training. However, it requires regular updates, which necessitates the continuing education of PTAs over time.</p><p id="p0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition, when a technician joins the service and requires training, both the pharmacist and the technician must invest time in the training process, which contributes to the burden of care overload.</p><p id="p0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our opinion, the current academic training of PTAs may not adequately meet the needs of hospital-pharmacy services, particularly in regards to medication compounding. As a result, medical staff have to invest substantial effort to ensure that the technicians receive the necessary training in this regard. This process includes designing and implementing a training program, supervising the PTAs, overseeing their final training, and continously evaluating their perfomance to ensure the quality of the medicines compounded in our PS.</p><p id="p0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Spain, initiatives of this type have been developed at the national-level by the TECNIFARMH coordinating group of the SEFH, whose online PTA training program includes courses on non-sterile preparations, sterile preparation for healthcare support personnel, parenteral nutrition, and compounding cytostatics. One of the overall aims of this project is to petition the Spanish Ministry of Education to create the qualification of Técnico Superior de Farmacia Hospitalaria (Hospital Pharmacy Technical Assistant).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="p0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Likewise, similar initiatives have been developed at the local-level, such as the Hospital Pharmacy course organised by the corresponding service at the Reina Sofia Hospital (Cordoba, Spain). To provide more specialised training, this course is aimed at the staff who deliver training to pharmacy and parapharmacy technicians.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="p0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our initiative differs from other hospitals programs as it is based on the use of new technologies, such as our proprietary platform and simulation techniques. This makesour training more practical and less theoretical.It also ensures the continuing training of PTAs and free access to information on the platform at any time.</p><p id="p0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The participation of hospital pharmacists in the training of PTAs, starting from the curricula, is an investment in the future to ensure the proper functioning of the HPS. To ensure the quality of compounded medicines, the proactive delegation and adaptation of compounding functions are needed, while acknowledging that this activity has traditionally defined the hospital pharmacy collective.</p></span><span id="s0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0095">Contribution to the scientific literature</span><p id="p0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This article presents an accredited training program in sterile and non-sterile medication compounding for pharmacy technical assistants. Such training is crucial for effectively conducting one of the fundamental activities within hospital pharmacy services. The successful implementation of this project has enabled the delegation of medication compounding to the pharmacy technical assistants in our pharmacy service, ensuring the optimal quality, efficacy, and safety of the compounded medications.</p><p id="p0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A novel contribution is the use of a digital platform and simulation techniques in real-life conditions to achieve uniform training for all the personnel involved in medication compounding.</p><p id="p0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We are of the opinion that this project could prove useful to other PSs facing situations that are similar to ours.</p></span><span id="s0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0100">Ethical responsibilities</span><p id="p0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Not applicable.</p></span><span id="s0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0105">Funding</span><p id="p0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared.</p></span><span id="s0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0110">Statement of authorship</span><p id="p0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Fátima Ros Castellar:</span> Design of the training program; trainer responsible for the preparation of non-sterile and sterile medicines (such as intravenous mixtures and ophthalmic preparations); conception, design, and writing of the article.</p><p id="p0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Margarita Ruano Encinar:</span> Design and implementation of the satisfaction survey on training on the e-learning digital platform; review of the article.</p><p id="p0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Tamara Pérez Robles:</span> Design of the training program; trainer responsible for the preparation of hazardous noncytostatic and biological medicines; review of the article.</p><p id="p0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Natalia García Vázquez:</span> Design of the training program; trainer responsible for parenteral nutrition compounding; review of the article.</p><p id="p0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Gema Casado Abad:</span> Trainer responsible for the preparation of cytostatic medicines; review of the article.</p><p id="p0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Luis Sánchez-Rubio:</span> Trainer responsible for cytostatic medication compounding; review of the article.</p><p id="p0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">MilusKa yamil Rabanal Sánchez:</span> Trainer in medication compounding; review of the article.</p><p id="p0295" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Alicia Herrero Ambrosio:</span> Critical review with relevant intellectual contributions.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:16 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2147229" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1822630" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2147230" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1822629" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0015" "titulo" => "Training programme in sterile medication compounding" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0020" "titulo" => "Training programme in non-sterile medication compounding" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0035" "titulo" => "Contribution to the scientific literature" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0040" "titulo" => "Ethical responsibilities" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0045" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "s0050" "titulo" => "Statement of authorship" ] 14 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack745182" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 15 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-05-17" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-07-19" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1822630" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Pharmacy technician" 1 => "Compounding" 2 => "Training" 3 => "e-learning" 4 => "Simulation" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1822629" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Técnico Farmacia" 1 => "Elaboraciones" 2 => "Formación" 3 => "e-learning" 4 => "Simulación" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="as0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0010">Objective</span><p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe a compounding training plan in a tertiary hospital pharmacy service. The project aimed pharmacy assistant technicians to use a digital training platform and simulation techniques.</p></span> <span id="as0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0015">Methods</span><p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two training programs were designed, one for sterile and the other for non-sterile drugs. Each programme consists of several phases: a basic online training course (digital e-learning platform), a practical simulation workshop, a supervised practice in real conditions, and a final verification by the pharmacist to qualify the technician. Both programs include continuous and accredited evaluation by the hospital's Continued Education Commission.</p><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A satisfaction survey on training (e-lerning platform) was designed and conducted for pharmacy technicians (sterile and non-sterile).</p></span> <span id="as0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0020">Results</span><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The project has been running for 3 years. Six specialist pharmacists from different areas involved in compounding are responsible for training and continuous evaluation. Twenty-one technicians have been trained, and nineteen have obtained qualifications. Two of them were found to be unfit. Currently, we employ13 pharmacy technicians who were initially trained.</p><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The participation rate in the satisfaction survey on training (e-learning platform) was 61.5% (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8) out of a total number of current developers (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13). Overall, 62.5% of technicians reported being satisfied or very satisfied, while the remaining 37.5% were indifferent.</p></span> <span id="as0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Conclusions</span><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compounding training program is currently in its third year. It has been crucial in delegating tasks to pharmacy technicians. The use of digital technology is essential in this training. We consider that, specific training in compounding, is indispensable and should be included in the academic plan for pharmacy technicians.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="as0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0035">Objetivo</span><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir un plan de formación en elaboración de medicamentos del Servicio de Farmacia de un hospital de tercer nivel dirigido a los Técnicos Auxiliares de Farmacia utilizando una plataforma digital de formación y técnicas de simulación.</p></span> <span id="as0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0040">Métodos</span><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se diseñaron dos programas de formación, uno para elaboración de medicamentos estériles y otro para no estériles. Cada programa consta de varias fases: curso básico de formación online (plataforma digital e-learning), taller práctico de simulación, prácticas tutorizadas en condiciones reales y verificación final realizada por el farmacéutico con el fin de cualificar al técnico. Ambos programas contemplan evaluación continuada y están acreditados por la Comisión de Formación Continuada del hospital.</p><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se diseñó y realizó una encuesta de satisfacción sobre la formación en plataforma digital e-learning dirigida a los técnicos elaboradores tanto de medicamentos estériles como no estériles.</p></span> <span id="as0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0045">Resultados</span><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante los tres años que lleva en marcha el proyecto, seis farmacéuticos especialistas de las diferentes áreas implicadas en elaboración de medicamentos son los responsables de la formación y evaluación continuada. Se han formado 21 técnicos, de los cuales, 19 han obtenido la cualificación de elaboradores y dos han sido no aptos. En la actualidad contamos con 13 elaboradores de los inicialmente formados.</p><p id="sp0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La participación global en la encuesta de satisfacción sobre la formación en plataforma e-learning fue del 61,5% (n = 8) respecto a la plantilla total de elaboradores actuales (n = 13). El grado de satisfacción global fue bueno con un 62,5% de técnicos satisfechos o muy satisfechos y el resto indiferente (37,5%).</p></span> <span id="as0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="sp0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El programa de formación en elaboración de medicamentos en sus tres primeros años ha sido crucial para poder delegar las funciones de preparación de medicamentos en los técnicos de Farmacia. La utilización de tecnología digital y simulación es imprescindible en la formación. Consideramos muy necesaria una formación específica en elaboración de medicamentos en el plan de estudios académico de los Técnicos Auxiliares de Farmacia.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "as0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "apendice" => "<p id="p0310" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0015"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "titulo" => "Annex 1." "identificador" => "s0055" ] 1 => array:3 [ "apendice" => "<p id="p0315" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0020"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "titulo" => "Annex 2." "identificador" => "s0060" ] 2 => array:3 [ "apendice" => "<p id="p0320" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0025"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "titulo" => "Annex 3." "identificador" => "s0065" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1764 "Ancho" => 2375 "Tamanyo" => 190471 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Training of pharmacy technical assistants in medication compounding. PTA, pharmacy technical assistant; MC, medication compounding.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "f0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1632 "Ancho" => 2778 "Tamanyo" => 184541 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0010" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Overall results of the survey on satisfaction with the e-learning platform training program.</p> <p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For clarity, responses are grouped into neutral and satisfied/very satisfied. SOP, standard operating procedures; PTA, pharmacy technical assistant.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "f0015" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 3285 "Ancho" => 2757 "Tamanyo" => 398305 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0015" "detalle" => "Unlabelled Imag" "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp6080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Training sheet for pharmacy technical assistants specialising in sterile compounding. PTA, pharmacy technical assistant; IV, intravenous.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "f0020" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2667 "Ancho" => 2368 "Tamanyo" => 322519 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0020" "detalle" => "Unlabelled Imag" "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp8380" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Training sheet for pharmacy technical assistants specialising in non-sterile compounding. PTA, pharmacy technical assistant.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "f0025" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx3.jpeg" "Alto" => 3229 "Ancho" => 2757 "Tamanyo" => 528486 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "al0025" "detalle" => "Unlabelled Imag" "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="sp9080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pharmacy service satisfaction survey for pharmacy technical assistants in medication compounding. DK/NR, don't know/no reply.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "REAL DECRETO 1689/2007, de 14 de diciembre, por el que se establece el título de Técnico en Farmacia y Parafarmacia y se fijan sus enseñanzas mínimas. Boletín Oficial del Estado, n° 15, (17 de enero de 2008)." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0010" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Orden EDU/2184/2009, de 3 de julio, por la que se establece el currículo del ciclo formativo de Grado Medio correspondiente al título de Técnico en Farmacia y Parafarmacia. Boletín Oficial del Estado, n° 192, (10 de agosto de 2009)." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0015" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "DECRETO 13/2009, de 26 de febrero, del Consejo de Gobierno, por el que se establece para la Comunidad de Madrid el currículo del ciclo formativo de grado medio correspondiente al título de Técnico en Farmacia y Parafarmacia. Boletín Oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid, n° 57, (9 de marzo del 2009)." ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0020" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Curso de formación online de procesos básicos en FH-Preparados no estériles de la plataforma TECNIFARMH de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria [Internet]" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "WWW" => array:1 [ "link" => "https://area-formacion.sefh.es/tecnifarmh/" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0025" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Plataforma TECNIFARMH de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria. [Internet]" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "WWW" => array:1 [ "link" => "https://www.sefh.es/formacion-tecnicos.php" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bb0030" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Curso de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Consejería de Desarrollo Educativo y Formación Profesional. Junta de Andalucía. [accessed 20/04/2023]. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/educacion/secretariavirtual/consultaCEP/actividad/191410FP014/">https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/educacion/secretariavirtual/consultaCEP/actividad/191410FP014/</a>." ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack745182" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="p0305" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors would like to thank Elena Gómez del Pulgar, Laura Sanz, and all the nursing and pharmacy technician staff for their collaboration in the project.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/11306343/0000004800000003/v1_202405170721/S1130634324000084/v1_202405170721/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8902" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originales" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/11306343/0000004800000003/v1_202405170721/S1130634324000084/v1_202405170721/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00009S&text.app=https://www.revistafarmaciahospitalaria.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130634324000084?idApp=UINPBA00009S" ]
| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Octubre | 69 | 29 | 98 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 90 | 31 | 121 |
| 2024 Agosto | 112 | 39 | 151 |
| 2024 Julio | 81 | 31 | 112 |
| 2024 Junio | 125 | 52 | 177 |
| 2024 Mayo | 120 | 42 | 162 |
| 2024 Abril | 71 | 22 | 93 |
| 2024 Marzo | 71 | 20 | 91 |
