Article information
Abstract
Objective
To review the use of antiviral therapy as prophylaxis or treatment of virus C liver disease in the liver transplantation setting.
MethodA search was made of the literature in PubMed with the strategy “liver transplantation” AND “hepatitis C,” AND (“interferon” OR “peginterferon,” OR “ribavirin”) from 1966 to June 2007 and a manual search of the journals Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Journal of Hepatology and Hepatology between 2001 and June 2007, to identify publications and communications to congresses relating to the subject. The studies identified were selected and evaluated.
ResultsA total of 48 articles were chosen for review. Hepatitis C virus is one of the main indications for liver transplantation. Post-transplant re-infection is immediate and almost universal, and results, in many cases, in a recurrent liver disease that reduces the patient's survival. Four basic therapeutic strategies have been studied: pre-transplant anti-viral treatment, prophylaxis, early or preventative treatment, and treatment of acute or chronic recurrent hepatitis C.
ConclusionsCurrently, the hepatitis C treatment in the liver transplantation setting is based on the use of peginterferon associated with ribavirin as pre-transplant treatment in selected patients or as treatment of recurrent post-transplant hepatitis C, achieving sustained virological responses of around 20% and 35% respectively. The main limitation of these treatments is the high frequency of the adverse effects and interruptions to treatment, meaning it is important to carry out strict follow-up of the treatment safety.
Key words:
Antiviral agents
Drug therapy
Combination
Chronic hepatitis C
Liver transplantation
Ribavirin
Interferons
Polyethylene glycols
Resumen
Objetivo
Revisar la utilización de terapia antiviral como profilaxis o tratamiento de la hepatopatía por virus C en el entorno del trasplante hepático.
MétodoSe realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed con la estrategia “liver transplantation” AND “hepatitis C” AND (“interferon” OR “peginterferon” OR “ribavirin”) desde 1966 hasta junio 2007 y una búsqueda manual en las revistas Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Journal of Hepatology y Hepatology desde 2001 hasta junio 2007, para identificar publicaciones y comunicaciones a congresos relacionadas con el tema. Se seleccionaron y evaluaron los estudios identificados.
ResultadosSe seleccionaron 84 trabajos para realizar la revisión. La hepatopatía por virus C es una de las principales indicaciones de trasplante hepático. La re-infección post-trasplante es inmediata y casi universal, y deriva, en muchos casos, en una hepatopatía recurrente que disminuye la supervivencia del paciente. Se han estudiado cuatro estrategias terapéuticas básicas: tratamiento antiviral pretrasplante, profiláctico, anticipado o preventivo y tratamiento de la hepatitis C aguda y crónica recurrente.
ConclusionesActualmente el tratamiento de la hepatitis C en el entorno del trasplante hepático se basa en la utilización de peginterferón asociado a ribavirina como tratamiento pre-trasplante en pacientes seleccionados o como tratamiento de la hepatitis C recurrente post-trasplante, alcanzándose respuestas virológicas sostenidas en torno al 20% y 35%, respectivamente. La principal limitación de estos tratamientos es la alta frecuencia de efectos adversos y suspensiones de tratamiento, por lo que es muy importante realizar un seguimiento estricto de la seguridad del tratamiento.
Palabras clave:
Agentes antivirales
Terapia con medicamentos
Combinación
Hepatitis C crónica
Trasplante hepático
Ribavirina
Interferón
Polietilenglicoles
Full text is only available in PDF
References
[1.]
N.A. Terrault, M. Berenguer.
Treating hepatitis C infection in liver transplant recipients.
Liver Transpl, 12 (2006), pp. 1192-1204
[2.]
A. Kuo, N.A. Terrault.
Management of hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant, 6 (2006), pp. 449-458
[3.]
Sociedad Española de Trasplante Hepático. Organización Nacional de Trasplante. Registro Español de Trasplante Hepático 1984-2005. Octava memoria de resultados [cited November 21, 2007]. Available from: http://www.ont.es/RETHMemGeneral?id_nodo=276∾cion=0&&keyword=&auditoria=F
[4.]
Parlamento Europeo. Declaración escrita sobre hepatitis C. [cited November 21, 2007]. Available from: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/expert/infopress_page/066-4762-087-03-13-911-20070328IPR04761-28-03-2007-2007-false/default_es.htm
[5.]
T.L. Wright, E. Donegan, H.H. Hsu, L. Ferrell, J.R. Lake, M. Kim, et al.
Recurrent and acquired hepatitis C viral infection in liver transplant recipients.
Gastroenterology, 103 (1992), pp. 317-322
[6.]
E.J. Gane, N.V. Naoumov, K.P. Qian, M.U. Mondelli, G. Maertens, B.C. Portmann, et al.
A longitudinal analysis of hepatitis C virus replication following liver transplantation.
Gastroenterology, 110 (1996), pp. 167-177
[7.]
R.B. Guerrero, K.P. Batts, L.J. Burgart, S.L. Barrett, J.J. Germer, J.J. Poterucha, et al.
Early detection of hepatitis C allograft reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation: a molecular and histologic study.
Mod Pathol, 13 (2000), pp. 229-237
[8.]
R.H. Wiesner, M. Sorrell, F. Villamil, International Liver Transplantation Society Expert Panel.
Report of the first International Liver Transplantation Society expert panel consensus conference on liver transplantation and hepatitis C.
Liver Transpl, 9 (2003), pp. S1-S9
[9.]
J.M. Pascasio, J.M. Sousa.
Tratamiento de la hepatitis C en el entorno del trasplante hepático.
Hepatitis Hoy, 2 (2006), pp. 84-94
[10.]
M. Berenguer.
Tratamiento de la hepatitis C antes y después del trasplante hepático.
Gastroenterol Hepatol, 29 (2006), pp. 190-195
[11.]
R. Moreno.
Treatment of hepatitis C before and after liver transplantation.
Annals of hepatology, 5 (2006), pp. S63-S66
[12.]
M. García-Retortillo.
Prevención de la recidiva de la cirrosis hepática por el VHC. Un factor crítico para mejorar los resultados del trasplante hepático.
Gastroenterol Hepatol, 29 (2006), pp. 122-124
[13.]
T. Poynard, P. Mathurin, C.L. Lai, D. Guyader, R. Poupon, M.H. Tainturier, PANFIBROSIS Group, et al.
A comparison of fibrosis progression in chronic liver diseases.
J Hepatol, 38 (2003), pp. 257-265
[14.]
E. Gane.
The natural history and outcome of liver transplantation in hepatitis C virus-infected recipients.
Liver Transpl, 9 (2003), pp. S28-S34
[15.]
M. Charlton.
Recurrence of hepatitis C infection: where are we now?.
Liver Transpl, 11 (2005), pp. S57-S62
[16.]
C. Triantos, D. Samonakis, R. Stigliano, U. Thalheimer, D. Patch, A. Burroughs.
Liver transplantation and hepatitis C virus: systematic review of antiviral therapy.
Transplantation, 79 (2005), pp. 261-268
[17.]
T. Bizollon, S.N. Ahmed, S. Radenne, M. Chevallier, P. Chevallier, P. Parvaz, et al.
Long term histological improvement and clearance of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus RNA following sustained response to interferon-ribavirin combination therapy in liver transplanted patients with hepatitis C virus recurrence.
Gut, 52 (2003), pp. 283-287
[18.]
T. Bizollon, P. Pradat, J.Y. Mabrut, M. Chevallier, M. Adham, S. Radenne, et al.
Benefit of sustained virological response to combination therapy on graft survival of liver transplanted patients with recurrent chronic hepatitis C.
Am J Transplant, 5 (2005), pp. 1909-1913
[19.]
M. Bahra, D. Jacob, A. Pascher, U. Plockinger, G. Kristiansen, P. Neuhaus, et al.
Fibrosis progression in hepatitis C positive liver recipients after sustained virologic response to antiviral combination therapy (interferonribavirin therapy).
Transplantation, 83 (2007), pp. 351-353
[20.]
F.P. Picciotto, G. Tritto, A.G. Lanza, L. Addario, M. de Luca, G.G. Di Costanzo, et al.
Sustained virological response to antiviral therapy reduces mortality in HCV reinfection after liver transplantation.
J Hepatol, 46 (2007), pp. 459-465
[21.]
A. Kuo, N.A. Terrault.
Antiviral therapy in liver transplant recipients: is SVR the only endpoint that matters?.
J Hepatol, 46 (2007), pp. 359-361
[22.]
G.A. Smallwood, L. Davis, K. Connor, E. Martínez, A.C. Stieber, T.G. Heffron.
Nonresponders of interferon/ribavirin treatment for recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation.
Transplant Proc, 35 (2003), pp. 1476-1477
[23.]
T. Bizollon, M. Adham, P. Pradat, M. Chevallier, C. Ducerf, J. Baulieux, et al.
Triple antiviral therapy with amantadine for IFN-ribavirin nonresponders with recurrent posttransplantation hepatitis C.
Transplantation, 79 (2005), pp. 325-329
[24.]
F. Muzi, G. Orlando, B. Ielpo, A. Anselmo, S. Sabato, N. de¿Liguori, et al.
Amantadine monotherapy in ineffective in the treatment of hepatitis C virus recurrence in the post-liver transplantation setting.
Transplant Proc, 37 (2005), pp. 1705-1707
[25.]
P. Andreone, A. Gramenzi, C. Cursaro, M. Biselli, L. Di Giammarino, G.L. Grazi, et al.
Interferon-alpha plus ribavirin and amantadine in patients with post-transplant hepatitis C: results of a pilot study.
Dig Liver Dis, 33 (2001), pp. 693-697
[26.]
J.K. Lim, D. Wooten, R. Siegel, R.C. Cheung.
Amantadine in treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection?.
J Viral Hep, 12 (2005), pp. 445-455
[27.]
P. Deltenre, J. Henrion, V. Canva, S. Dharancy, F. Texier, A. Louvet, et al.
Evaluation of amantadine in chronic hepatitis C: a meta-analisis.
J Hepatol, 41 (2004), pp. 462-473
[28.]
J.S. Crippin, T. McCashland, N. Terrault, P. Sheiner, M.R. Charlton.
A pilot study of the tolerability and efficacy of antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus-infected patients awaiting liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl, 8 (2002), pp. 350-355
[29.]
R.M. Thomas, J.J. Brems, G. Guzman-Hartman, S. Yong, P. Cavaliere, D.H. van Thiel.
Infection with chronic hepatitis C virus and liver transplantation: a role for interferon therapy before transplantation.
Liver Transpl, 9 (2003), pp. 905-915
[30.]
G.T. Everson.
Treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus on the waiting list.
Liver Transpl, 9 (2003), pp. S90-S94
[31.]
X. Forns, M. Garcia-Retortillo, T. Serrano, A. Feliu, F. Suarez, M. de la Mata, et al.
Antiviral therapy of patients with decompensated cirrhosis to prevent recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
J Hepatol, 39 (2003), pp. 389-396
[32.]
E. Martínez-Bauer, J.A. Carrión, S. Ramírez, A. Massaguer, J.C. García-Valdecasas, J.M. Sánchez-Tapias, et al.
Antiviral therapy of patients with decompensated cirrosis to prevent hepatitis c recurrence after liver transplantation.
J Hepatol, 44 (2006), pp. S64
[33.]
B. Willems, M. Ede, P. Marotta, W. Wall, P. Greig, L. Lilly, et al.
Anti-HCV human immunoglobulins for the prevention of grafo infection in HCVrelated liver transplantation, a pilot study.
J Hepatol, 36 (2002), pp. 32
[34.]
G.L. Davis, D.R. Nelson, N. Terrault, T.L. Pruett, T.D. Schiano, C.V. Fletcher, Collaborative Antiviral Study Group, et al.
A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of human hepatitis C immune globulin (Civacir) in liver transplant recipients.
Liver Transpl, 11 (2005), pp. 941-949
[35.]
T.D. Schiano, M. Charlton, Z. Younossi, E. Galun, T. Pruett, R. Tur-Kaspa, et al.
Monoclonal antibody HCV-AbXTL68 in patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCV: results of a phase 2 randomized study.
Liver Transpl, 12 (2006), pp. 1381-1389
[36.]
G.L. Davis.
Hepatitis C immune globulin to prevent HCV recurrence after liver transplantation: chasing windmills?.
Liver Transpl, 12 (2006), pp. 1317-1319
[37.]
N. Singh, T. Gayowski, C.F. Wannstedt, A.O. Shakil, M.M. Wagener, J.J. Fung, et al.
Interferon-alpha for prophylaxis of recurrent viral hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
Transplantation, 65 (1998 15), pp. 82-86
[38.]
P.A. Sheiner, P. Boros, F.M. Klion, S.N. Thung, L.K. Schluger, J.Y. Lau, et al.
The efficacy of prophylactic interferon alfa-2b in preventing recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
Hepatology, 28 (1998), pp. 831-838
[39.]
N. Chalasani, C. Manzarbeitia, P. Ferenci, W. Vogel, R.J. Fontana, M. Voigt, Pegasys Transplant Study Group, et al.
Peginterferon alfa-2a for hepatitis C after liver transplantation: two randomized, controlled trials.
Hepatology, 41 (2005), pp. 289-298
[40.]
V. Mazzaferro, A. Tagger, M. Schiavo, E. Regalia, A. Pulvirenti, M.L. Ribero, et al.
Prevention of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation with early interferon and ribavirin treatment.
Transplant Proc, 33 (2001), pp. 1355-1357
[41.]
Y. Sugawara, M. Makuuchi, Y. Matsui, Y. Kishi, N. Akamatsu, J. Kaneko, et al.
Preemptive therapy for hepatitis C virus after living-donor liver transplantation.
Transplantation, 78 (2004), pp. 1308-1311
[42.]
A.K. Shergill, M. Khalili, S. Straley, K. Bollinger, J.P. Roberts, N.A. Ascher, et al.
Applicability, tolerability and efficacy of preemptive antiviral therapy in hepatitis C-infected patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Am J Transplant, 5 (2005), pp. 118-124
[43.]
M. Castedal, M. Felldin, L. Bäckman, M. Olausson, S. Friman.
Preemptive therapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin after liver transplantation for hepatitis C cirrhosis.
Transplant Proc, 37 (2005), pp. 3313-3314
[44.]
C. Manzarbeitia, L. Tepermann, N. Chalasani, P. Sheiner, R. Wiesner, I.M. Marks, et al.
KDA peginterferon a-2a (Pegasys®) as a prophylaxis against hepatitis c infection recurrence after liver transplantation (LT): premiminary results of a randomized multicenter trial.
Hepatology, 34 (2001), pp. 406A
[45.]
F.P. Picciotto, A. Galeota, M. de Luca, G. Tritto, F. Lampasi, G.G. Di Constanzo, et al.
Pegylated interferona2b plus ribavirin in the treatment of HCV reinfection alter liver transplantation. Experience of a single center.
J Hepatol, Suppl 2 (2005), pp. 58
[46.]
M. Berenguer, A. Royuela, J. Zamora.
Immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors with respect to the outcome of HVC recurrence after liver transplantation: results of a meta-analisis.
Liver Transpl, 13 (2007), pp. 21-29
[47.]
L. Castells, V. Vargas, H. Allende, I. Bilbao, J. Luis Lázaro, C. Margarit, et al.
Combined treatment with pegylated interferon (alpha-2b) and ribavirin in the acute phase of hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation.
J Hepatol, 43 (2005), pp. 53-59
[48.]
T.L. Wright, C. Combs, M. Kim, L. Ferrell, P. Bacchetti, N. Ascher, et al.
Interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation.
Hepatology, 20 (1994), pp. 773-779
[49.]
C. Feray, D. Samuel, M. Gigou, V. Paradis, M.F. David, C. Lemonnier, et al.
An open trial of interferon alfa recombinant for hepatitis C after liver transplantation: antiviral effects and risk of rejection.
Hepatology, 22 (1995), pp. 1084-1089
[50.]
E.J. Gane, S.K. Lo, S.M. Riordan, B.C. Portmann, J.Y. Lau, N.V. Naoumov, et al.
A randomized study comparing ribavirin and interferon alfa monotherapy for hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation.
Hepatology, 27 (1998), pp. 1403-1407
[51.]
S.J. Cotler, D.R. Ganger, S. Kaur, H. Rosenblate, S. Jakate, D.G. Sullivan, et al.
Daily interferon therapy for hepatitis C virus infection in liver transplant recipients.
Transplantation, 71 (2001), pp. 261-266
[52.]
M. Heydtmann, D. Freshwater, T. Dudley, V. Lai, S. Palmer, S. Hübscher, et al.
Pegylated interferon alpha-2b for patients with HCV recurrence and graft fibrosis following liver transplantation.
Am J Transplant, 6 (2006), pp. 825-833
[53.]
P. Ferenci, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, W. Vogel, I. Graziadei, C. Riely, M.D. Voigt, et al.
40KDA peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys®) in post-liver transplant recipients with established recurrent hepatitis C: preliminary results of a randomized multicenter trial.
Hepatology, 34 (2001), pp. 406A
[54.]
M.E. de Vera, G.A. Smallwood, K. Rosado, L. Davis, E. Martinez, S. Sharma, et al.
Interferon-alpha and ribavirin for the treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
Transplantation, 71 (2001), pp. 678-686
[55.]
A.O. Shakil, B. McGuire, J. Crippin, L. Teperman, A.J. Demetris, H. Conjeevaram, et al.
A pilot study of interferon alfa and ribavirin combination in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C.
Hepatology, 36 (2002), pp. 1253-1258
[56.]
B. Lavezzo, A. Franchello, A. Smedile, E. David, A. Barbui, M. Torrani, et al.
Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C in liver transplants: efficacy of a six versus a twelve month course of interferon alfa 2b with ribavirin.
J Hepatol, 37 (2002), pp. 247-252
[57.]
T. Bizollon, C. Trepo.
Ribavirin and interferon combination for recurrent post-transplant hepatitis C: which benefit beyond 6 months?.
J Hepatol, 37 (2002), pp. 274-276
[58.]
D. Samuel, T. Bizollon, C. Feray, B. Roche, S.N. Ahmed, C. Lemonnier, et al.
Interferon-alpha 2b plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C after liver transplantation: a randomized study.
Gastroenterology, 124 (2003), pp. 642-650
[59.]
P. Burra, S. Targhetta, S. Pevere, S. Boninsegna, M. Guido, D. Canova, et al.
Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus recurrence following liver transplantation: long-term results from a single center experience.
Transplant Proc, 38 (2006), pp. 1127-1130
[60.]
G. Gotz, M.R. Schon, A. Haefker, R. Neuhaus, T. Berg, U. Hopf, et al.
Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation with IFN and ribavirin.
Transplant Proc, 30 (1998), pp. 2104-2106
[61.]
A.B. Alberti, L.S. Belli, A. Airoldi, L. de Carlis, G. Rondinara, E. Minola, et al.
Combined therapy with interferon and low-dose ribavirin in post-liver transplantation recurrent hepatitis C: a pragmatic study.
Liver Transpl, 7 (2001), pp. 870-876
[62.]
J. Ahmad, S. Dodson, A. Demetris, J. Fung, A. Shakil.
Recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: a nonrandomized trial of interferon alfa alone versus interferon alfa plus ribavirin.
Liver Transpl, 7 (2001), pp. 863-869
[63.]
D. Gopal, J. Rabkin, B. Berk, C. Corless, S. Chou, A. Olyaei.
Treatment of progressive hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation with combination interferon plus ribavirin.
Liver Transpl, 7 (2001), pp. 181-190
[64.]
K.V. Narayanan, J.J. Poterucha, O.M. El-Amin, L.J. Burgart, W.K. Kremers, ChB. Rosen, et al.
Treatment of post-liver transplantation recurrence of hepatitis C with interferon and ribavirin: lessons on tolerability and efficacy.
Liver Transpl, 8 (2002), pp. 623-629
[65.]
E. Giostra, G.A. Kullak-Ublick, W. Keller, R. Fried, C. Vanlemmens, S. Locher, et al.
Ribavirin/interferon-alpha sequential treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
Transplant Int, 17 (2004), pp. 169-176
[66.]
M. Berenguer, M. Prieto, A. Palau, D. Carrasco, J.M. Rayon, F. Calvo, et al.
Recurrent hepatitis C genotype 1b following liver transplantation: treatment with combination interferon-ribavirin therapy.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 16 (2004), pp. 1207-1212
[67.]
L.M. Dove.
Management of hepatitis C after transplantation: a long way from success.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 16 (2004), pp. 1131-1133
[68.]
S. Mukherjee, E. Lyden, T.M. Mccashaland, D.F. Schafer.
Interferon alpha 2b and ribavirin for the treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: cohort study of 38 patients.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 20 (2005), pp. 198-203
[69.]
C. Triantos, D. Samonakis, R. Stigliano, U. Thalheimer, D. Patch, A. Burroughs.
Antiviral therapy for recurrent hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation.
Transplantation, 80 (2005), pp. 540
[70.]
T. Bizollon, P. Pradat, J.Y. Mabrut, S. Radenne, C. Ducerf, J. Baulieux, et al.
Histological benefit of retreatment by pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in patients with recurrent hepatitis C virus infection posttransplantation.
Am J Transplant, 7 (2007), pp. 448-453
[71.]
S. Mukherjee, J. Rogge, L. Weaver, D.F. Schafer.
Pilot study of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
Transplant Proc, 35 (2003), pp. 3042-3044
[72.]
H. Rodriguez-Luna, A. Khatib, P. Sharma, G. de Petris, J.W. Williams, J. Ortiz, et al.
Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation with combination of pegylated interferon alpha2b and ribavirin: an open-label series.
Transplantation, 77 (2004), pp. 190-194
[73.]
J. Dumortier, J.Y. Scoazec, P. Chevallier, O. Boillot.
Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: a pilot study of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin combination.
J Hepatol, 40 (2004), pp. 669-674
[74.]
M.J. Bahr, M.P. Manns.
Changing faces-natural course and treatment of hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
J Hepatol, 40 (2004), pp. 699-701
[75.]
S. Mukherjee.
Pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
Transplant Proc, 37 (2005), pp. 4403-4405
[76.]
E. Oton, R. Barcena, J.M. Moreno-Planas, V. Cuervas-Mons, A. Moreno-Zamora, C. Barrios, et al.
Hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation: Viral and histologic response to full-dose PEG-interferon and ribavirin.
Am J Transplant, 6 (2006), pp. 2348-2355
[77.]
M. Biselli, P. Andreone, A. Gramenzi, S. Lorenzini, E. Loggi, F. Bonvicini, et al.
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for recurrent Hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation in naive and non-responder patients on a stable immunosuppressive regimen.
Dig Liver Dis, 38 (2006), pp. 27-32
[78.]
M. Berenguer, A. Palau, A. Fernández, S. Benlloch, V. Aguilera, M. Prieto, et al.
Efficacy, predictors of response, and potencial risks associated with antiviral therapy in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C.
Liver Transpl, 12 (2006), pp. 1067-1076
[79.]
J.A. Carrión, M. Navasa, M. García-Retortillo, J.C. García-Pagan, G. Crespo, M. Bruguera, et al.
Efficacy of antiviral therapy on hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation: a randomized controlled study.
Gastroenterology, 132 (2007), pp. 1746-1756
[80.]
M. Angelico, A. Petrolati, R. Lionetti, I. Lenci, P. Burra, M.F. Donato, et al.
A randomized study on Peg-interferon alfa-2a with or without ribavirin in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C.
J Hepatol, 46 (2007), pp. 1009-1017
[81.]
D. Samuel, B. Roche.
Ribavirin in the treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: Difficult to manage but essential for success.
J Hepatol, 46 (2007), pp. 988-991
[82.]
G.W. Neff, M. Montalbano, C.B. O’Brien, S. Nishida, K. Safdar, P.A. Bejarano, et al.
Treatment of established recurrent hepatitis C in liver-transplant recipients with pegylated interferon-alfa-2b and ribavirin therapy.
Transplantation, 78 (2004), pp. 1303-1307
[83.]
U. Neumann, G. Puhl, M. Bahra, T. Berg, J.M. Langrehr, R. Neuhaus, et al.
Treatment of patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation with peginterferon alfa-2B plus ribavirin.
Transplantation, 82 (2006), pp. 43-47
[84.]
I. Fernández, J.C. Meneu, F. Colina, I. García, R. Muñoz, G. Castellano, et al.
Clinical and histological efficacy of pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl, 12 (2006), pp. 1805-1812
[85.]
R. Chadalavada, D. Sass, O. Shaikh, M. Rabinovitz, T. Shaw-Stiffel, A. Marcos, et al.
Comparison of pegylated interferon alpha 2a & ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alpha 2b & ribavirin for treatment of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.
Transplantation, 82 (2006), pp. 540-541
[86.]
A. Palau, V. Malo, M. Aguilera, M. Prieto, M. Berenguer.
Tratamiento antiviral de la hepatitis C recurrente tras el trasplante hepático: resultados similares independientemente del tipo de interferón pegilado.
Gastroenterol Hepatol, 30 (2007), pp. 121
[87.]
D.V. Gomal, H.R. Rosen.
Duration of antiviral therapy for cholestatic HCV recurrence may need to be indefinitive.
Liver Transpl, 13 (2007), pp. 348-353
[88.]
H. Rodríguez-Luna, H.E. Vargas.
Management of hepatitis C virus infection in the setting of liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl, 11 (2005), pp. 479-489
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria
